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Ashura & Shia Identity: How Imam Husayn's Legacy Shapes Millions"**  

Imam Khomeini, a pivotal figure in the 20th century, led the Islamic Revolution in Iran, inspiring global movements for freedom and justice. His slogan "Neither East nor West, an Islamic Republic" emphasized independence from foreign powers. Influential leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela recognized Khomeini's impact on political awakening and resistance against oppression. His ideas continue to resonate, shaping Islamic movements and nationalism worldwide. Khomeini's legacy as a symbol of resistance and a catalyst for change remains significant in contemporary political discourse, influencing generations in their pursuit of rights and autonomy.

Eid al-Adha, also known as the **"Festival of Sacrifice,"** is one of the most important Islamic holidays, celebrated by Muslims worldwide. It marks the end of the annual Hajj pilgrimage and honors Prophet Ibrahim’s (Abraham’s) unwavering faith in Allah.  

The Battle of Karbala (680 AD) is one of the most tragic and transformative events in Islamic history. It marks the martyrdom of **Imam Hussain ibn Ali (AS)**, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), who refused to pledge allegiance to the tyrannical ruler **Yazid ibn Muawiya**. His courageous stand became a timeless symbol of resistance against oppression.  

Imam Hussain ibn Ali (626–680 CE) was the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the third Shia Imam. Known for his courage, piety, and stand against tyranny, his martyrdom in Karbala shaped Islamic history.  

Born on **July 17, 1939**, in **Mashhad, Iran**, Ayatollah **Seyyed Ali Khamenei** is Iran’s **longest-serving Supreme Leader**, shaping the country’s political and religious landscape for decades. Raised in a religious family, he studied Islamic theology in **Qom** under prominent scholars like **Ayatollah Khomeini**, later becoming a key figure in the **1979 Islamic Revolution**.  

The **Battle of Siffin** was a major conflict in 657 AD between **Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib** and **Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan**, marking a turning point in Islamic history. The war erupted over political and moral disputes following the assassination of the third caliph, **Uthman ibn Affan**. Muawiya, Uthman’s relative and governor of Syria, demanded justice for his death, while Ali, the newly elected caliph, sought to stabilize the fractured Muslim empire.  

Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, is a sacred time when Muslims worldwide observe fasting (*Sawm*) from dawn to sunset. This pillar of Islam fosters **self-discipline, spiritual growth, and empathy** for the less fortunate.  

The **Battle of the Camel** (معركة الجمل) was one of the first major civil wars in Islamic history, fought in **656 AD near Basra, Iraq**. This conflict erupted between forces loyal to **Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib (رضي الله عنه)** and an alliance led by **Aisha (رضي الله عنها)**, the Prophet Muhammad’s widow, along with companions **Talha ibn Ubaydullah and Zubair ibn al-Awwam**. The battle’s name comes from **Aisha’s camel**, which became a focal point in the fighting.

After Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) death in **632 CE**, the **Rashidun Caliphate** began with **Abu Bakr (r. 632-634)**, followed by **Umar (r. 634-644)**, **Uthman (r. 644-656)**, and finally **Imam Ali (r. 656-661)**. The first three caliphs expanded Islam rapidly, but political tensions grew, especially during **Uthman’s rule**, leading to his assassination in **656 CE**.