Mahram and Non-Mahram in Islam (Simplified Explanation)  


In Islam, relationships between men and women are regulated by the concepts of "Mahram" and "Non-Mahram" to maintain boundaries and prevent sin.  


### 1. Who is a Mahram?  

A Mahram is someone with whom marriage is permanently forbidden due to blood relations, marriage, or breastfeeding. These include:  


- By Blood (Relatives):  

  - Parents, grandparents  

  - Children, grandchildren  

  - Brothers and sisters  

  - Aunts, uncles, nieces, and nephews  


- By Marriage (In-Laws):  

  - Spouse  

  - Father-in-law, mother-in-law  

  - Stepson/stepdaughter (if the marriage has been consummated)  


- By Breastfeeding (Rada’ah):  

  - If a woman breastfeeds a child, that child and certain relatives become Mahram.  


Examples:  

- A man cannot marry his wife’s sister unless he divorces his wife first.  

- A woman cannot marry her cousin unless he is her Mahram through breastfeeding.  


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### 2. Who is a Non-Mahram?  

A Non-Mahram is someone marriage with whom is not forbidden (e.g., friends, coworkers, cousins), but Islamic rules must be followed:  


- Dress Code (Hijab):  

  - Women must cover their hair and body in front of Non-Mahram men (except face and hands).  

  - Men must lower their gaze.  


- Physical Contact:  

  - Shaking hands, hugging, or any unnecessary touch is prohibited.  


- Privacy:  

  - A man and woman who are Non-Mahram should not be alone in a closed space.  


Examples:  

- A woman cannot shake hands with a male coworker.  

- A man should not be alone in a room with his female cousin if she is Non-Mahram.  


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### 3. Why Are These Rules Important?  

- Protecting chastity and modesty in society.  

- Preventing immorality and sin.  

- Strengthening respectful family bonds.  


Islam promotes relationships based on respect and self-control, not exploitation.  


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Summary:  

- Mahram: Marriage is forbidden; strict hijab is not required.  

- Non-Mahram: Marriage may be allowed, but Islamic boundaries must be observed.  


These rules help maintain a morally upright Islamic society.